Yanking is a feature of Vim itself which by default only works for that process. If you want yanking to utilize the clipboard you have to use "*y (current selection) or "+y (real clipboard) as described in sections 04.7 and 09.3 of Vim help. Use the following commands in Vim to look this up:
:help 04.7
:help 09.3
PuTTY however has no access to either clipboard of the machine you're connecting to.
A quick workaround would be to use the cat command on the file, not in a screen session, and then select the text in your PuTTY which automatically copies it. Doing this outside a screen session ensures you can scroll up and get all of the text.
X11Forwarding=yes
in yoursshd_config
and enable in PuTTY/client also.