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I'm wondering what protocol is used for communication between web server, e.g. Apache, Nginx and CGI, e.g. FCGI, UWSGI?

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    Your question is not clear. What protocol allows for Apache and Nginx to support CGI, that would be of course, FastCGI. WSGU allows for Python support in any application that implements its protocol. UWSGI is one of those implementations.
    – Ramhound
    May 4, 2016 at 17:48

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uWSGI uses the uwsgi protocol (which is somehow related to the WSGI interface, but I'm not sure how), while FastCGI & fgcid use the FastCGI protocol.

Traditional "CGI" didn't have much of a protocol at all – the server would just spawn (fork+exec) the CGI script with HTTP request headers in environment variables (e.g. $HTTP_REFERER), and the script would print a raw HTTP reply to stdout.

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