Don't
"This server is using windows server 2012 R2 Standard and runs a
VB.net application, and other software that I might not be aware of."
So.. you don't know what's running where.
I am almost sure that xampp or wamp edits the hosts file in windows
directory, and I am not sure if there is other files also edited or
created for it to run.
I suspect its self contained, but once again, not really enough to information to tell.
I want to know if it is safe to install a Lamp stack, and if something
breaks, would a uninstall of the lamp stack revert all changes to its
original state?
From what you've said? Likely not.
the bigger picture is that I want to create prototype of the vb.net
app in php. And without having a working prototype, my proposal to
switch to different programming language would not even be looked at.
So I would like to do this under the radar.
Awesome. Let me save your job. Don't
Get a VM host installed on hardware you control, and won't take down what seems to be an important company resource, and develop your prototype. Do not mix development and production.