Excel does not have a built-in command to display all settings for a cell's content/formula/formatting.
This is a complex topic and there are several ways to provide information about a cell or sheet or workbook.
Formulas - From Excel 2013 and up there is the FormulaText() function that can be used to display the formula a particular cell uses.
Ctrl-` (that is the key on the left of the 1 key on a US keyboard) - This will switch the sheet display to formula view, so instead of the RESULT of formulas, you see the actual formulas inside the cells.
There are a number of spreadsheet auditing tools available. Some of them are commercial, some of them are free.
Excel MVP Dave Brett is the author of Mappit, which is free
Excel 2013 and up has the add-in "Inquire" built-in, which needs to be activated via the Excel Options Com Add-ins before it can run and will provide more info about your spreadsheet than you will ever want to know. If you want to know "every possible option for Microsoft Excel" then that's your starting point.