The windows firewall generally sucks horribly. I had trojan just last month that bypassed it and was sucking all my bandwidth sending something.(I think it was actally trying to take everything) the windows firewall really only blocks incoming connections. if something wants to send something windows isn't going to stop it one bit.
I use Comodo firewall now, although honestly it can be set to the most paranoid settings its rediculous. it even can be set to the point of letting you know every time a process starts and when one file is calling another or when a program wants to write to disk. I went through a few before I got to this one and I'm happy with it (i turned off all those rediculous settings, it just tells me about unusual things)
and to answer your question, not really. other than what you have its 90% manual and it doesn't block outgoing(not really)