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Wikipedia has a great article about this. A quote from the most useful part of that article:
In the FHS all files and directories
appear under the root directory "/",
even if they are stored on different
physical devices. Note however that
some of these directories may or may
not be present on a Unix system
depending on whether certain
subsystems, such as the X Window
System, are installed.
The majority of these directories
exist in all UNIX operating systems
and are generally used in much the
same way; however, the descriptions
here are those used specifically for
the FHS, and are not considered
authoritative for platforms other than
Linux.
/ Primary hierarchy root and root directory of the entire file system
hierarchy./bin/ Essential command binaries that need to be available in single
user mode; for all users, e.g., cat,
ls, cp./boot/ Boot loader files, e.g., kernels, initrd; often a separate
partition[8]/dev/ Essential devices, e.g., /dev/null./etc/ Host-specific system-wide configuration files (the name comes
from et cetera[9])./etc/opt/ Configuration files for /opt/./etc/X11/ Configuration files for the X Window System, version 11./etc/sgml/ Configuration files for SGML./etc/xml/ Configuration files for XML./home/ Users' home directories, containing saved files, personal
settings, etc.; often a separate
partition./lib/ Libraries essential for the binaries in /bin/ and /sbin/./media/ Mount points for removable media such as CD-ROMs
(appeared in FHS-2.3)./mnt/ Temporarily mounted filesystems./opt/ Optional application software packages[10]./proc/ Virtual filesystem documenting kernel and process status
as text files, e.g., uptime, network.
In Linux, corresponds to a Procfs
mount./root/ Home directory for the root user./sbin/ Essential system binaries, e.g., init, ip, mount./srv/ Site-specific data which is served by the system./tmp/ Temporary files (see also /var/tmp). Often not preserved between
system reboots./usr/ Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the
majority of (multi-)user utilities and
applications.[11]/usr/bin/ Non-essential command binaries (not needed in single user
mode); for all users./usr/include/ Standard include files./usr/lib/ Libraries for the binaries in /usr/bin/ and /usr/sbin/./usr/sbin/ Non-essential system binaries, e.g., daemons for various
network-services./usr/share/ Architecture-independent (shared)
data./usr/src/ Source code, e.g., the kernel source code with its header
files./usr/X11R6/ X Window System, Version 11, Release 6./usr/local/ Tertiary hierarchy for local data, specific to this host.
Typically has further subdirectories,
e.g., bin/, lib/, share/.[12]/var/ Variable files—files whose content is expected to continually
change during normal operation of the
system—such as logs, spool files, and
temporary e-mail files. Sometimes a
separate partition./var/lib/ State information. Persistent data modified by programs
as they run, e.g., databases,
packaging system metadata, etc./var/lock/ Lock files. Files keeping track of resources currently
in use./var/log/ Log files. Various logs./var/mail/ Users' mailboxes./var/run/ Information about the running system since last boot, e.g.,
currently logged-in users and running
daemons./var/spool/ Spool for tasks waiting to be processed, e.g., print
queues and unread mail./var/spool/mail/ Deprecated location for users' mailboxes.
/var/tmp/ Temporary files to be
preserved between reboots./var/www/ Website file hierarchies (the default location for
websites served by Apache).
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answered Apr 30 '10 at 21:59 |
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