I've downloaded an RPM from Oracle that wants to install in /usr, and due to the way our SysAdmins set up our workstations, I don't have enough disk space in /usr. Most of the space on the root partition, where /usr is located, is occupied by /usr/lib and /usr/lib64, and I cannot really go in there and clean up much.
Is there a way to redirect the RPM install to another path, like /opt or /home/oracle?
Well, yes, sort of:
--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with OLDPATH in the package relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.
(man rpm).
However, the software may have its usual install location hardcoded in various places. If an RPM was not meant to be relocated like this (note the "For relocatable binary packages"), this will probably not work.
In that case, your best bet is probably to unpack the RPM manually (rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio -di in a temporary directory), then manually put stuff where it should go.
Most of all, loudly complain to the admin who did the problematic partition layout. On modern Linux systems, there is little reason for separate partitions. Usually / and /boot are enough...
There is another method that works with non-relocatable packages. Check the path where the files that take the most disk space are located, using this command:
rpm -qpl package.rpm
Example output:
/u01/file1
/u01/file2
...
Create a symbolic link with the name of that directory, pointing to a directory with more free disk space
mkdir /var/lots_of_space
ln -s /var/lots_of_space /u01
And then install the usual way:
rpm -i package.rpm
You can use rpm -i --relocate OLD=NEW --badreloc package-1.0.elX.rpm
This will force non-relocatable packages into a new location. OLD will likely be /, and NEW would be your intended destination (/opt, for example).
Without the '--badreloc', you will likely get "package X is not relocatable".
Chuck
Edit: This has been tested on RHEL 6.10 and 8.3.
