The various media player apps such as Boxee and and Windows Media Center and Xbox Media Center offer local media file organization and streaming locally over your network. Allowing remote streaming may require tools such as LogMeIn Hamachi or another VPN setup. These media players should all support both audio and video playback, as well as third-party sites and apps such as Pandora radio, Netflix, Hulu, and the like.
Regarding the intelligent tagging and information creation, there are not user-level tools that actually create information on their own. They generally will accept your information and then the better ones perform types of pattern analysis to determine if other objects ought to be categorized and tagged the same way (ie, Picasa with face recognition, you have to choose a selection of faces first before it begins "finding" faces that may meet the criteria). A combination of a facial recognition tool and full system indexed searching such as Windows Desktop Search or Google Desktop Search may work, however, this would require a fair amount of hacking to get everything working right, and as far as I am aware, nobody has done it yet.
The short answer then, is no. There is not a tool currently available that you can install on your computer that does all this.
The long answer is if you want to make such an app, the various components are available, and if you do a good job, you could be the next Bill Jobs, or Steve Brin, or Sergei Gates.
UPDATE with some possibilities:
These appear to be mostly related to video, and so do not answer your questions completely. However, they bear mentioning as possible partial solutions to an integrated and automated windows-based media center system.
Lifehacker has an article on using several different tools to automate the process of accessing and managing media, including suggesting for populating metadata for that media.
Their suggesting is based on the tool Ember, which collects media metadata. There is also YAMMMM (did I get enough M's there?) which is also a media metadata manager.