I exported my CA chain (Deutsche Telekom > DFN > Uni Koeln) using

smime-keys add_root CertName.cer

after exporting the relevant certificates from my keychain. But when I import my personal certificate issued by Uni Koeln using

smime-keys add_p12 MyCertName.p12

the following error occurs

Couldn't identify root certificate!
No root and no intermediate certificates. Can't continue. at /usr/local/bin/smime_keys line 669.

although the imported root certificates are present in ~/.smime/ca-bundle.crt and .muttrc points to that file for trusted certificates.

What's going on here?

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For your key-cert pairs, you need an unbroken chain of certs all the way up to the CA. It's possible the CA you chose is not in your ca-bundle.crt file. – JeffG Sep 26 '11 at 19:09
I made sure to import the root and all intermediate CA certs into ca-bundle.crt. – janeden Sep 27 '11 at 8:08
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