javascript-tools
First of all, there's the javascript-tools Bundle, which offers some productivity tools such as Lint syntax checking, YUI compression, bookmarklet creation, and more.
Creating your own bundle
OS X comes with a JS interpreter found under /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaScriptCore.framework/Versions/A/Resources/jsc. You can symlink it to your PATH to have it available everywhere.
For example:
ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaScriptCore.framework/Versions/A/Resources/jsc /usr/local/bin
Check if it works by just typing:
jsc
You should land in a console.

Now, enter TextMate and open the bundle editor by going to Bundles » Bundle Editor » Show Bundle Editor. In the JavaScript bundle, create a new command by clicking the + button below.
Set the Input to Entire Document, and the Output to Discard. Set the keyboard shortcut to Cmd-R. Now, paste the following script into the command area itself:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require ENV['TM_SUPPORT_PATH'] + '/lib/escape.rb'
def terminal_script_filepath
%|tell application "Terminal"
activate
do script "jsc -i #{e_as(e_sh(ENV['TM_FILEPATH']))}"
end tell|
end
open("|osascript", "w") { |io| io << terminal_script_filepath }
This should look like the following:

And you're done. Try it by saving a JS file and pressing the keyboard shortcut.

Using Google's V8 instead
You can install Google's V8 Javascript engine, it's free and open source, and comes for every major OS.
Now, to install it, you either need to build it yourself, or use a package manager like Homebrew.
Install Homebrew first:
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/gist/323731)"
Then install the V8 engine:
brew install v8
This takes a while to compile. Now, when you're done, you can adapt the script above to use V8 instead. Just change the line with do script to:
do script "v8 #{e_as(e_sh(ENV['TM_FILEPATH']))}"