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I've noticed in the BIOS settings of the newer PCs I own that I can configure the drive controller work either in AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface) mode, or else in IDE mode.

I'm suspecting that AHCI "performs" better, but I really don't know much about that from a practical standpoint. However, I've also noticed that certain programs (e.g. Ghost 2003) simply don't detect my hard drives if I choose AHCI mode. (AHCI = A Heck of Compatibility Issues?)

So ... why does AHCI exist, why should I care and want to use it, and why/when should I not want to use it? Are there features of newer hard drives that require AHCI, and do they otherwise dumb themselves down when running in IDE mode?

7 Answers 7

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You can see AHCI as the language which the controller uses to speak with the system. The disk can't see if AHCI is being used or IDE emulation. If you use AHCI, all Serial ATA features are available, while you don't need any drivers specific to your controller.

To actually use AHCI, the OS (whether that's Windows, Linux or even Ghost) has to have an AHCI driver. Windows Vista and 7 include the driver, but don't install it if the boot drive's controller doesn't have AHCI enabled. Similarly, the IDE driver doesn't get installed if the IDE controller is disabled. That's why you can't just toggle the setting in the BIOS on an already installed Windows system.

Ghost 2003 was released in 2002, a few years before the AHCI specification was completed. It's hardly surprising that Ghost 2003 doesn't support AHCI. Apparently the latest enterprise version of Ghost can run in a boot environment based on either Windows or Linux, so it's likely that version does support AHCI.

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AHCI vs IDE – Benchmark & Advantage

Excerpt: Advantage of AHCI

  1. Hot-Plugging
  2. Native Command Queuing (might improve computer/system/hard disk responsiveness, espcially in multi-tasking environment
    ...

Verdict:

These extensive benchmarks clearly show to us, AHCI (NCQ) definitely could improve computer system responsiveness, transfer rate, number of IO per second and the list goes on.

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Here in 2012, per this performance comparison, it doesn't seem to be urgent for a single user workstation. However, AHCI is a better and more modern option and you should always use it when you can.

From that article:

  • If your application requires hot-plug drive support or redundant disks, then AHCI is the only choice.

  • IDE mode can occasionally benefit from slightly faster read and write speeds in some tests.

  • TRIM support works in both modes fine

  • Overall, most SSD drives deliver better performance in AHCI mode, but it is not night and day.

How do you know you're using IDE or AHCI? Go to Device Manager and expand the hard drive controllers. If you see "AHCI" in there, you are using AHCI.

device manager, IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers

The good news is that you can switch from IDE mode to AHCI in Windows 7 or Vista without reinstalling or even opening your PC case. Here's the MSFT KB article on how to do so.

  1. Press Win+R key to open the Run prompt.
  2. Type in Regedit and press Enter to open Registry Editor.
  3. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlset/Services/msahci
  4. On the right hand side, right click on "Start" and then "Modify".
  5. Input 0 in the "Value data" field (hexadecimal), the clik OK.
  6. Close Registry Editor.
  7. Restart the computer. Press and hold the Delete while the computer boots up to enter BIOS setup. Your computer might use a different key, like F2 or something else. Please refer to your computer manual.
  8. In BIOS setup, select "Integrated Peripherals" and put the marker where it says "SATA RAID/AHCI Mode". Now use the + and - keys or Page Up and Page Down keys to change the value from "Disabled" to "AHCI". This refers to recent versions of Award BIOS system. Your BIOS settings might be different. Please refer to your computer manual.
  9. Press F10 to save the changes. Press Y if you're asked to confirm.
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Why NOT use AHCI (I should've posted this few years back, as now this is a bit less relevant):

It may work great on/with recent hardware but this hasn't always been the case. You'll want to try it but if you find any mysterious issues it's good to remember to test without it. Some issues I encountered in past: failure to detect certain HDD models, bugs in Intel drivers causing crashes in some scenarios (they're prob fixed by now but I haven't tested latest versions extensively), jerky mouse, glitches in audio etc.

The point is, the legacy IDE has been tried and tested. AHCI and its features have matured over past few years but there may still exist some rare scenarios where, like plane crashes, many things need to happen in certain way/order for the plane to crash. These type of things will be resolved in time, but if you want to play safe, AHCI may need few more years. There's still new AHCI drivers released rather frequently and it's not all just new features. I saw someone who tried various versions say there can also be performance differences.

If you appreciate what's known a "known quantity" and "tried and tested" then maybe you'll want to think twice about AHCI. And so far the time I spent diagnosing bugs and testing the performance ... I do love being the free QA department for Intel. If they had actually put a "beta" or something somewhere that would've atleast warned me to stay away, but I foolishly thought their AHCI drivers and Option ROM's etc were as solid as the CPU's.

With consumer desktop HDD's and SSD, my own research suggests that to benefit from AHCI you'll want a 6 GB/s SATA port and SSD, or you'll want to use HDD thats known to show improvement with NCQ. I've tried Samsung, WD, Maxtor consumer SATA HDD with the AHCI and in my system there was no performance improvement, the opposite infact for some scenarios that are typical for desktop workstation IO patterns.

The article linked above has got partially different results from mine, and most of the issues I mentioned have no doubt been fixed by now, but keep this post in mind when getting excited about new innovation in storage technology. The developers testing & QA may have been severely limited compared to what PC hardware you can use with the new technology.

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  • To second that an issue I had with an secondary HD not being available when the PC resumed from sleep disappeared when I re-installed Win7 and used native IDE mode. This appears to be a not uncommon issue.
    – BJ292
    Apr 20, 2012 at 19:31
  • I agree. But the problem in my case was with Intel AHCI driver (iastor) - sometimes program settings was not stored and similar problems. When I removed it ans switched to MS driver (msahci) the problem did not occur. There was no speed improvement with Intel's driver. In short - use default Microsoft AHCI driver to avoid problems.
    – i486
    Oct 5, 2020 at 18:04
  • Certain drives are able to totally freeze my Linuxbox - mouse stops moving - then comes right. Remove the drive, problem goes away. Happens on USB and SATA. It's a broken Western Digital drive. Perhaps it does this via AHCI / DMA?
    – Tomachi
    Nov 18, 2021 at 12:27
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I recently installed a SSD drive in my seven year old laptop. The SSD drive scores 200 in the AS SSD test program when running in IDE-mode. In AHCI-mode the score was 1250! And that has certainly brought the old PC back to life. The difference is HUGE!

If you want to try this too then start checking that your BIOS has the possibility to switch to AHCI-mode.

You can easily make this change on an already installed Windows. There are many articles on the net about this, so i won't get deeper into this.

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  • 1
    Welcome to Super User! Your post is a comment not an answer the OP's question. On this site we value your answers and encourage you to contribute where you can. You can always comment on your own posts and once you've earned sufficient reputation you can comment everywhere. Jun 1, 2015 at 21:21
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You can't switch modes between IDE and AHCI on a Windows system that already has the OS on it otherwise the HDD fails to boot and you get an error "INACCESSIBLE BOOT DEVICE"... at least in Windows 10. I found out the hard way when resetting the BIOS defaults and it wouldn't boot and had to re-install the entire OS to get it to work again, only to be told by a friend later that all I had to do was put the SATA mode back to IDE again :-/

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  • -1 Posted 3 years later than this answer which says you can change Windows before you change BIOS IDE/AHCI, and not have issues at boot tome, and not have to reinstall Windows.
    – user66001
    Sep 24, 2020 at 19:14
  • The answer given was related to simply 'changing' the mode in the BIOS. It is still true. You can't change from AHCI to IDE or vise-versa without losing access to the drive data. Sure you can screw around in the registry or whatever but regardless you can't do that unless you actually change the type back to the original setting, otherwise no access to the HDD data (catch-22 situation). The smarter person will just put the BIOS setting back to whatever mode it was when it was working and continue on with their life.
    – LenF
    Sep 25, 2020 at 20:36
  • I did this too. Sure did help speed my shift to Linux actually that bug.
    – Tomachi
    Nov 18, 2021 at 12:29
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However, the Windows 7 installation disks will only work if the target drive is in IDE mode. You would then need to coax the new Windows 7 installation to convert from IDE mode to AHCI mode but I just left my second laptop in IDE mode because I want to do a quad boot system that boots Windows 7 64-bit, Windows 7 32-bit, Windows 98SE, and MS-DOS 7.10 . TurboCAD 2017 does not work right in Windows 64-bit only works right 32-bit Windows. Likewise, I do not want to have to pay $5,000 for Maxisquash's er I mean Microsoft's latest Fortran compiler. I want Fortran aand PL/I compilers that I can afford.

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    This does not answer the question the author asked
    – Ramhound
    Jul 31, 2019 at 1:43
  • 1
    There are advantages to either disk mode.You can shift from AHCI to IDE by using regedit.exe to edit HEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\system\currentcontrolset\services\picide .One of the values needs to be changed from 3 to 0 to enable the driver pciide.sys . Likewise, to shift from IDE to AHCI yiu need to shift value of MSahci.sys from 3 to zero. You can find this info through a www.google.com/advanced_search . Microsoft's website and a few others will tell you how to do this.
    – mc5w
    Aug 2, 2019 at 4:12
  • mc5w - Please copy your comment into your answer, replacing the current answer. @Ramhound is correct that your current answer doesn't answer the question. This comment however does! If the answer gets enough downvotes it will vanish, alongside your useful posting (This is the first time I have seen how to switch from AHCI to IDE).
    – user66001
    Sep 24, 2020 at 19:17

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