Yes, most common imaging tools will allow you to clone drives from and to different brands of hard drives. If the data size allows it, 90% of the time you can even clone to a disk that's smaller than the one you're copying from. If not, your imaging tool should inform you about this and explain why not. Disk partitioning is done according to platter size and head and cylinder counts which are different for different types of hard drives. However, most imaging tools will edit the partitioning automagically so everything will work out.
So unless you used dd to copy the disks, your drives should work fine. If not, something either went wrong with the copy, the master disk was faulty, the destination disks are faulty or the software on the disks is simply corrupt.
I have performed disk-to-disk clones numerous times, also with different brands and sizes. Some tools which have always worked for me are these:
Norton Ghost 15
DriveImage XML 2.30
G4L Ghost 4 Linux 0.34a
= Free /
= Paid
The latter two are also found on the free Hiren's boot CD.
Some tools (Like Norton Ghost prior to v14) may damage the Windows boot loader but this shouldn't cause disk problems, especially not after having worked fine for a few weeks. If Windows won't boot after an imaging session, you can simply run the automatic recovery tool from the installation DVD to restore the boot loader.
Mainly because the drive has worked fine for a couple of weeks and because the other drives don't get disk errors, I am inclined to say you're dealing with a faulty destination drive in that machine. I would advise you to backup the data from that drive as soon as possible and stop using it. If you have secured your data, return the disk to the manufacturer or dealer and ask for a new one.