You could do this by setting up your server as an nfs-server and mount the nfs share on your client. The first step is creating the nfs share by installing the required packages, adding a line like "/opt *(ro)" to the file "/etc/exports" and starting the needed services. Which packages you have to install and which service you have to start depend on the flavour of Linux you're using. After this install all applications to the directory "/opt" on the server. Next you set up your client as nfs client by installing the required packages and mounting the nfs share by issuing "mount :/opt /opt" (replace with the ip of your server). Please be aware you have to add a line to "/etc/fstab" to have the nfs share be mounted on system startup of your client...
Some application may work this way, some will not. Generally those will work which can be installed completly to one directory and not placing file to other (system) directories like "/etc".