I selected "public network" in Windows 7. Windows is listening on TCP port 445:
TCP 0.0.0.0:445 WIN7TEST:0 ABHÖREN
The corresponding incoming firewall rule isn't activated (4th column):

When I choose "workplace network" the SMB incoming port 445 rule is still disabled in the advanced windows firewall configuration.
I thought "public network" / "workplace network" and so on is influencing the windows firewall rules!?
Where's the difference between workplace and public network then?