Just got done reading these articles:
https://support.mozillamessaging.com/en-US/kb/thunderbird-and-gmail#w_configuring-your-gmail-account
http://lifehacker.com/314574/turn-thunderbird-into-the-ultimate-gmail-imap-client
These basically are good ways to configure Thunderbird as far as I can tell. In fact, it is exactly how I did configure my recent Thunderbird setup.
But I must still be missing something or not understanding how IMAP works, because low and behold, there I was, going through the instructions in the first link above, and a message or two came in to my inbox and they did not go to their corresponding Gmail labels.
Can anyone explain this to me? How to I confirm that they always go to the labels? Of course, I can drag and drop these messages and get them to where they need to be but that doesn't seem like a good way to work around this. I've also considered message filters but the above articles make it seem that these aren't needed.
In the past, when I've used Outlook 2010, I have also, in addition to labels, used "rules" and this works OK, but it'd be nice to have this system work as it should.
Any help is appreciated.
Edit
Although I still haven't totally figured out how the labels work exactly, I did discover (or maybe re-discover) that the default Gmail label is "Inbox". So if you set a label like "_work" then the message will have "Inbox" and "_work" as a label. Although, it is still unknown why a message from the exact same sender would yield one message with only the "_work" label and one message with both the "Inbox" and the "_work" label, at least now I can manually label and un-label messages and have this propagate through to Thunderbird.
I guess I'm just not getting it. I wish this made more sense to me...
What sucks is that apparently at least one person here thinks I'm not doing my due diligence and is down-voting me without explaining. I mean, geez, if you down-vote someone on these boards, you ought to at least give an explanation.