I get the same error as in this question: Error 0x800F0906 while installing .Net 3.5 on Windows 8
However the Surface Pro didn't come with installation media so I can't follow the offline installation as advised in the answer to that question.
Also not sure why this doesn't work, I can access the internet fine, can install updates OK, and can access www.update.microsoft.com.
Your administrator has configured your computer to use Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) instead of Windows Update for servicing. Please ask your administrator to enable the policy to use Windows Update instead of WSUS.