Both are Consolas. I have my PowerShell font size set to 16. The dialog window tells me that this means that each character is 8 screen pixels wide and 16 screen pixels high. It looks perfect, the exact size I want it to be in Visual Studio.
Since I'm running at 96 dpi, I assumed this would mean that to have the same size as in PowerShell, I would have to set it to be 12 in the "Fonts and Colors" section of Tools --> Options. (72 ppi / 96 dpi) * 16 pixels = 12 points.
However, the resulting font size is larger than the PowerShell size; in fact, even size 11 is still larger. Size 10 is smaller (too small). Does this mean that the Size listbox of the Visual Studio font options is not listing the size in points? What am I missing here?