Yes and No
Yes! You absolutely can but there are some caveats.
MIDI Files
MIDI files contain instructions, messages and information about notes.
Like sheet music. So audio devices with synthesizer capabilities (or actual instruments with MIDI support) can recreate an approximation of what the music was supposed to sound like.
MIDI files contain no actual samples (recorded) audio data. Just instructions.
Which is the reason why MIDI files can sound very different depending on equipment synthesizer/playback hardware/firmware revisions etc.
Oktalyzer Modules
Oktalyzer files are one of MANY different Amiga Tracker Module formats.
Tracker Modules contain their own equivalents of most (if not all) features supported by MIDI files.
They also contain actual recorded audio samples. Tiny clips of things like drums, voice clips, piano, guitar, bass, what ever you could want.
Many tracker formats also have instructions used to modify/tweak each audio sample in real-time during playback. Stuff like pitch changes, volume ramps, playback loops, reversed playback, etc.
So one single sample could potentionally be made to sound very different each time it's referenced in a track.
Every time each of those tiny clips are played back, they can be changed in real-time. All according to instructions saved in the module.
Conclusion
It would be a lot of work (if not impossible) to make it sound anything close to the original by using just MIDI.
You could extract, upsample, filter, and convert each of those old samples to MAYBE sound ALMOST good enough for use in modern projects.
Possible Best Bet?
Have you heard of MilkyTracker?
It is a free Tracker program. Very similar in functionality to many Amiga Trackers. Including playback, editing, import/export of samples, etc.
It supports LOADS of different formats including (but not limited to):
- Oktalyzer Mods
- Amiga Samples
- Even MIDI files
It also comes with support for modern stuff like wav and mp3.
It looks a bit dated and clunky compared to modern offerings, but is written to run on more modern hardware/software platforms.
I've personally used it both in Windows and on Linux, and It WILL let you interpolate/filter audio, and also export samples to wav, or edit mods before exporting mod playback to wav/mp3/etc.