That's not a modified keyboard mapping. Your shell prompt isn't typed in. That's a modified output character set, affecting both your shell prompt and the echoes of what you type in.
Your terminal emulator is capable of multiple character sets, and it's often the case when one accidentally dumps a binary to the terminal that somewhere in the binary is the character sequence that switches the terminal between output character sets.
The simple way to reset your terminal emulator in such situations is the reset
command, sometimes followed by stty sane
if there are lingering CR-LF problems in the line discipline. (And sometimes having to use Control+J instead of Return to enter the commands in the latter case.)
If it were a GUI terminal emulator, there'd be a "reset" option on its menu that does the same thing.
There's really no need to destroy an entire virtual machine in order to reset a terminal's output character set.
Further reading