So @techie007 beat me to the statement about RAID not being BACKUP.
With that out of the way:
- Chipset every time. It is likely to be far more efficient and reliable.
- Do you mean: Can I use 1/2 of a RAID1 array in another PC? If so, probably not. At least not directly. Probably depends on the RAID controller though. Certainly I wouldn't rely on it without testing first.
- Yes. The array will appear as a single disk to Windows. Another good reason to use the chipset RAID if possible. Though watch out for drivers, I don't think you should need any if the system is relatively new but in the bad old days you used to have to add the chipset drivers to the Windows install at the right time.
- Yup, you've spotted the elephant in the room. RAID actually multiplies the risk of a failure. When used with consumer grade disks and controllers I rarely recommend it. It is perfectly possible for a corruption to be copied across both disks in RAID1. Using RAID also limits your flexibility and can leave you with issues if you want to have a multi-boot setup.
Personally, I would say that, having only 2 disks, use the 2nd as a local backup drive rather than RAID. Indeed, mount it in a removable fashion if you can so that you can lock it away somewhere safe when you go away. Get a 3rd drive when you can afford it and swap them round to limit loss on failure. Better still, pay for an offsite backup such as CrashPlan unlimited instead of a 3rd drive. You can also use the CrashPlan client software for free to back up locally - or indeed to share space with a friend/family.