Hot answers tagged network-protocols
52
Imagine one of those pneumatic tube message systems. Ethernet is the tube used to send the message, IP is an envelope in the tube, and TCP/UDP is a letter in the envelope.
Someone (an application) writes a letter and stuffs it in an envelope. Another person (a NIC) looks at the address on the envelope, puts it in a tube, caps it off, stuffs it in the right ...
17
In a wireless network, only one device is actually "speaking" at once. Each other device listens and waits for the air on that channel to be quiet before speaking. This technique is called carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)
An RTS/CTS exchange helps all the nodes stay in sync efficiently by providing a way for one node to say ...
7
Different browsers implement this functionality in different ways.
Firefox: http://support.mozilla.com/en-US/kb/Location+bar+autocomplete
Chrome: http://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=95440
IE: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/221754
7
A collection of protocols, detailing the physical and logical data transmission. There are details on wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet
The cable is described as an "Ethernet" cable because it can carry Ethernet traffic, but it isn't specifically just for Ethernet. Category 5 cable is a specific set of standards for unshielded twisted pair ...
6
Most probably because wikipedia is running virtual hosts; the server 91.198.174.225 has multiple hostnames.
For example fr.wikipedia.org has the same IP address. A big machine can have hundreds of virtual hosts, limited by CPU, memory and bandwidth for that machine
Web browsers add a Host: header to the request, which is the hostname from the URL you type ...
5
The routers form a mesh, of sorts. Each one is connected to several others (conceivably on a LAN, but typically just a direct connection, maybe over a long distance like an undersea cable or a T-carrier or fibre link), and each one knows which it is connected to. Each router typically has many IP addresses, one per link to another router it has.
The ...
4
One of the greatest treasures produced by DARPA is probably the collection of early RFCs IENs and other public documents that record the development of the Internet. Try getting equivalent free documentation for ISO OSI or for proprietary technologies like Netware IPX/SPX. In part this is one important reason why Internet Protocols prevailed over the ...
4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Control_Program
NCP was used in ARPANET before TCP/IP
It was fully replaced with TCP/IP in 1983, replacement started in 1981, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc801
4
You can use telnet by opening a terminal and running the command you posted above.
If you are a windows user you go to start -> run then type cmd and hit enter. Once it opens you can type in the command and hit enter.
If you are running a Mac OS, some form Linux, or another operating system you would have to find the terminal and run it from there.
You ...
4
From memory those three connection types are defined by the OSI network model, and while the TCP/IP and OSI Models may share some similarities the support of certain features required/implied by OSI does not necessarily translate into support in the TCP/IP model.
Everything I can find regarding "acknowledged, connectionless" protocols simply refers to it ...
4
There is a protocol called Reliable User Datagram Protocol (RUDP). It is a trade off between the reliability of TCP and simplicity of UDP. It attempts to minimize the complexity and overhead of TCP connections while improving reliability.
4
Greatly simplified and potentially inaccurate. ;) tcp (Transmission Control Protocol) and ip (Internet Protocol) are software protocols. They work at different layers of the networking stack. Ethernet is the medium that it transmits over versus thing likes token ring, fiber, etc. describing the physical layer of the stack.
3
Futher to Hello71s answer, it might help to visualise a port by thinking about the structure of an address in a packet. A packet being a unit of data passed around a network. TCP is an example of a transport layer protocol that uses ports, and is commonly used over IP.
So IP has two addressing components - the source IP and the destination IP. TCP ...
3
If you want to connect your Livebox DSL modem-router to a simulated DSL signal, here are some possible problems you might need to investigate:
A DSL modem in your home connects to a DSLAM in the phone company's central office. I'm not sure if two DSL modems can communicate with each other.
You can't connect two phone devices with just a phone cable and ...
3
The "Type" field in Ethernet II frames tells the OS what kind of data the frame carries – 0x0800 means that the frame has an IPv4 packet; there's a list of different EtherTypes.
This field is needed because there are many other protocols that go directly over Ethernet: for example, IPv6, IPX, ARP, AppleTalk...
This is explained in detail in the ...
3
I don't think you can have more than one link layer on a single interface.
In the case of PPPoE, establishing the PPP connection creates another interface, typically called ppp0. Your routing table entry will point to ppp0, not to eth0. When a packet is routed to ppp0, it's actually handed to the local PPPoE software, not transmitted anywhere. But then ...
3
Here's how it work with my setup:
The modem will try to negotiate layer one communication with the DSLAM. I don't know much about this part, so I won't go into that.
I have a router (which in general can be integrated into modem) that initiates PPPoE session and the modem then encapsulates PPPoE into PPPoA. Different set-ups do this part of the story ...
2
For any TCP or UDP connection, there are four components that make up an addressing of a packet. The source IP address, the destination IP address, the source port, and the destination port.
The destinatin IP is the server to which you are connectin, and the destination port is the port you are connecting to, such as TCP port 80 for an http connection. ...
2
This can be adjusted in Chrome's Local State file.
The exact location depends on your OS. For example:
%LOCALAPPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Local State on Windows 7.
~/.config/google-chrome/Local State on Ubuntu 12.04.
Steps:
Close Google Chrome.
Open the Local State file and search for excluded_schemes in protocol_handler.
Add the line
"steam": ...
2
Do protocols are installed by operating systems or they come with the hardware?
It depends what you mean by "protocols"; TCP/IP and HTTP are very different, for example. Since you name TCP/IP, my answer focuses only on that:
They are opten part of the operating system. They may be built in to the core, or they may be added as modules after the fact; ...
2
There are cables specifically designed for Ethernet
RG8
RG58
and there are Ethernet standards that specify cables
IEEE 802.3
10BASE5
10BASE2
10BASE-T
100BASE-TX
1000BASE-T
There are specifications for testing and certifying terminated Ethernet cables and fixed Ethernet wiring
Cat-5
Cat-5E
Cat-6
There are Ethernet standards that describe the ...
2
Ethernet
The physical communication service. Reads and writes messages on the wire. (simplified)
IP
The forwarding service. It (unreliably) reloads messages from one wire onto another, so nodes can send messages to nodes they are not physically connected with.
TCP
Kind of a wrapper around IP. Utilizes IP's messaging service in order to provide ...
2
Gopher was a text based protocol that was used on the internet on the early days. Unlike http and the web as we know it, sites were structured, and accessed through a hierarchical menu.It was, in essence the predecessor of HTTP, and the web
Currently gopher is a historical curiosity, but many major browsers had support for it at one point, but currently ...
2
Hm. I would think that the best place to start would be to look at the IP Suite, aka the TCP/IP model. (Ignoring the other layers of the OSI model for purposes of simplicity.)
Basically, it's a series of layers:
Application Layer - HTTP, FTP, POP, SSH, etc.
Transport Layer - TCP, UDP, etc.
Internet Layer - IP, ICMP, etc.
Link Layer - Ethernet, etc.
Ports ...
2
If you really want to understand, there is an excellent (very well written) white paper here:
http://images.globalknowledge.com/wwwimages/whitepaperpdf/WP_Mays_Ping.pdf
Here is the summary ->
Ping (Program on the application layer) ------->
Opens a 'raw' socket to IP Layer ------>
IP layer (Layer 2 on OSI) packages ICMP packet and sends it
Since ...
1
In case you're on your own and otherwise empty collision domain the calculation should be the following for Ethernet:
Inter fram gap = 96 Bit / link speed (in MBit/s)
Packetsize = Preamble (8 bytes) + Ethernetframe (68-1522 bytes)
Time = Packetsize / Link speed (either 10 MBit/s, 100 MBit/s, 1 GBit/s, 10 GBit/s) + Inter frame gap
So to transfer a full ...
1
Wikipedia is going to be the best answer to this I think, but here's a quick summary.
Gopher is another information-dissemination protocol that came out in the early 90s, like HTTP. It's text-based, and designed to provide structured, hierarchical information quickly and easily. It's not used much today, it's believed there are less than 200 gopher servers ...
1
It's not completely clear from your question what your exact configuration. If there is a single Internet connection shared between all houses, then there may be bandwidth issues for the "outlying" houses. For example:
In this example, the house with the router and direct Internet connection will enjoy the ...
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