NO, you need DDR3 RAM, and its a much better idea to get a new computer at this point.
The DDR2 memory that you have is not compatible, as the MSI G41M-S01 has DDR3 RAM slots. DDR3 RAM is cheap though.
I'm assuming you're talking about the motherboard in these links:
http://www.pc-specs.com/mobo/MSI/MSI_G41M-S01_ATX_L775/3011
http://specsen.com/motherboard-msi/msi-g41m-s01/
As for other compatibility,
CPU: The E5400 CPU can use the G41 chipset that the MSI-C41M-SO1 has.
http://ark.intel.com/products/40478/Intel-Pentium-Processor-E5400-2M-Cache-2_70-GHz-800-MHz-FSB#@compatibility
RAM: You need DDR3 RAM, which is cheap, 8 GB, which is apparently the most the motherboard can support, is around 30$.
Hard Drive: The MSI G41M-S01 has 4 SATA II slots,
and your Maxtor DiamondMax 21 STM3320820AS has SATA(II), so it works.
http://www.newegg.com/product/product.aspx?item=N82E16822144188
Placa-Mãe means motherboard, according to Google Translate,
semp toshiba informatica ltda STI 005492 is your current motherboard, I guess.
I cannot find out what it is, and I assume that it's not a laptop.
GPU: The Geforce GTX 430 uses PCIe, and the MSI G41M-S01 has PCIe, so it works.