I've just found the answer to this. Just need to use netsh wlan show interfaces
command. This will show all interfaces (Wi-Fi devices/cards - as shown in Network Connections). For example, when not connected to any WiFi, it will show:
There is 1 interface on the system:
Name : WiFi
Description : D-Link DWA-132 Wireless N USB Adapter(rev.B)
GUID : b023475e-7b92-4714-9cb2-0d15bc7c182b
Physical address : 78:54:2e:df:1b:01
State : disconnected
Radio status : Hardware On
Software On
Hosted network status : Not available
But, after connecting to a Wi-Fi SSID, it shows:
There is 1 interface on the system:
Name : WiFi
Description : D-Link DWA-132 Wireless N USB Adapter(rev.B)
GUID : b023475e-7b92-4714-9cb2-0d15bc7c182b
Physical address : 78:54:2e:df:1b:01
State : connected
SSID : YourSSID
BSSID : 06:18:0a:7a:c0:d4
Network type : Infrastructure
Radio type : 802.11n
Authentication : WPA2-Personal
Cipher : CCMP
Connection mode : Profile
Channel : 11
Receive rate (Mbps) : 144
Transmit rate (Mbps) : 144
Signal : 100%
Profile : TheProfileName
Hosted network status : Not available
Where the entry Profile: TheProfileName and SSID: YourSSID shows the profile/SSID you are connected to. If there are multiple Wi-Fi devices, the details will be shown appropriately.