How to diagnose the cause of black screen in Windows 10 OS?

Question

I'm running into some problems with random black screens as described in another question: random black screens

As I have not received so far, no reply that could help debug the cause of this black screen.
I would like to ask the following question

Question:
Are there any programs that can be run in the background that would collect some logs so that I could debug the cause of the black screen?

Here is how this event looks like

Log from event viewer

• System
  • Provider
    [ Name] Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-Power
    [ Guid] {331c3b3a-2005-44c2-ac5e-77220c37d6b4}
    EventID 41
    Version 8
    Level 1
    Task 63
    Opcode 0
    Keywords 0x8000400000000002
  • TimeCreated
    [ SystemTime] 2021-06-10T09:01:18.2184072Z
    EventRecordID 10941
    Correlation
  • Execution [ ProcessID] 4 [ ThreadID] 8 Channel System Computer DESKTOP-EOTOOLC
  • Security [ UserID] S-1-5-18
• EventData
  BugcheckCode 0
  BugcheckParameter1 0x0
  BugcheckParameter2 0x0
  BugcheckParameter3 0x0
  BugcheckParameter4 0x0
  SleepInProgress 0
  PowerButtonTimestamp 0
  BootAppStatus 0
  Checkpoint 0
  ConnectedStandbyInProgress false
  SystemSleepTransitionsToOn 0
  CsEntryScenarioInstanceId 0
  BugcheckInfoFromEFI false
  CheckpointStatus 0
  CsEntryScenarioInstanceIdV2 0
  LongPowerButtonPressDetected false

Answer 1

This all sounds like a hardware fault. There's a high chance your system crashes so solidly and quickly that anything that logs to something that survives a reboot can't even do that.

Your best guess is Windows' event viewer. Maybe it's a device that misbehaves, and you might see log entries of other symptoms of the same device misbehaving. Good luck!

With the added info from event viewer, we can now ask Microsoft's support pages.

You're in scenario 3 from this link. As predicted, the software can't know what's wrong – it's a hardware fault; it might be related to power (but honestly, that can have multiple causes).

Microsoft takes best guesses, too, here, so you only get what you power or thermal problems:

• Disable overclocking. If the computer has overclocking enabled, disable it. Verify that the issue occurs when the system runs at the correct speed.
• Check the memory. Use a memory checker to determine the memory health and configuration. Verify that all memory chips run at the same speed and that every chip is configured correctly in the system.
• Check the power supply. Verify that the power supply has enough wattage to appropriately handle the installed devices. If you added memory, installed a newer processor, installed additional drives, or added external devices, such devices can require more energy than the current power supply can provide consistently. If the computer logged Event ID 41 because the power to the computer was interrupted, consider obtaining an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) such as a battery backup power supply.
• Check for overheating. Examine the internal temperature of the hardware and check for any overheating components.

All in all what that tells us is that Windows has no more clue than "something is wrong with your hardware, check the most common causes for this problem. We can't diagnose this any better".

As said above: Good luck!