Is there a way to determine what version (distribution & kernel version, I suppose) of Linux is running (from the command-line), that works on any Linux system?
9 Answers
The kernel is universally detected with uname
:
$ uname -or
2.6.18-128.el5 GNU/Linux
There really isn't a cross-distribution way to determine what distribution and version you're on. There have been attempts to make this consistent, but ultimately it varies, unfortunately. LSB tools provide this information, but ironically aren't installed by default everywhere. Example on an Ubuntu 9.04 system with the lsb-release
package installed:
$ lsb_release -irc
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Release: 9.04
Codename: jaunty
Otherwise, the closest widely-available method is checking /etc/something-release
files. These exist on most of the common platforms, and on their derivatives (i.e., Red Hat and CentOS).
Here are some examples.
Ubuntu has /etc/lsb-release
:
$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=jaunty
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.04"
But Debian has /etc/debian_version
:
$ cat /etc/debian_version
5.0.2
Fedora, Red Hat and CentOS have:
Fedora: $ cat /etc/fedora-release
Fedora release 10 (Cambridge)
Red Hat/older CentOS: $ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.3 (Final)
newer CentOS: $ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)
Gentoo:
$ cat /etc/gentoo-release
Gentoo Base System release 1.12.11.1
I don't have a SUSE system available at the moment, but I believe it is /etc/SuSE-release
.
Slackware has /etc/slackware-release
and/or /etc/slackware-version
.
Mandriva has /etc/mandriva-release
.
For most of the popular distributions then,
$ cat /etc/*{release,version}
will most often work. Stripped down and barebones "server" installations might not have the 'release' package for the distribution installed.
Additionally, two 3rd party programs you can use to automatically get this information are Ohai and Facter.
Note that many distributions have this kind of information in /etc/issue
or /etc/motd
, but some security policies and best practices indicate that these files should contain access notification banners.
Related: How to find out version of software package installed on the node?, puppet.
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You could also try:
$ cat /etc/issue
It usually (not always, though) will tell you what distribution you are using. /etc/issue
is the file used for the login screen.
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2This is the only one that nailed it for me on a shared Media Temple server. Thanks!! Feb 8, 2013 at 18:03
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Kernel: uname -a
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+1. For similar systems, like MinGW, the "-a" is required to get the version information, for example, "MINGW32_NT-5.1 LAP065 1.0.17(0.48/3/2) 2011-04-24 23:39 i686 Msys". May 2, 2012 at 8:39
cat /etc/os-release
at a minimum for Ubuntu, Fedora and OpenSUSE.
Does not work for OS X at least until 10.9 (Mavericks). Use sw_vers instead.
OpenSUSE had cat /etc/SuSE-release up until 13.1 but is deprecated in favour of os-release.
Redhat 6.1 has cat /etc/redhat-release
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One-liner
lsb_release -a && uname -r
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1mighty answer to conclude all answers! I must upvote for the effort :)– B.KocisMar 27, 2018 at 13:17
This issue can also be solved using Python with the platform
module:
Using platform()
function:
python3 -c 'import platform; print(platform.platform())'
# Linux-6.1.0-9-amd64-x86_64-with-glibc2.36
The above command returns a single string identifying the underlying platform with as much useful information as possible.
Or using uname()
function:
python3 -c 'import platform; print(platform.uname())'
# uname_result(system='Linux', node='debian', release='6.1.0-9-amd64', version='#1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.27-1 (2023-05-08)', machine='x86_64')
The above command returns a namedtuple()
containing five attributes: system
, node
, release
, version
and machine
.