There are so many things wrong with your script, that it is difficult to know where to begin.
First, the syntax needs end-of-line markers:
for i in *; do mv $* $script_'$i'; done
Now the mv
parameter 1 needs to be the name of the current file:
for i in *; do mv $i $script_'$i'; done
Next the mv
parameter 2 has three errors ($script_
expands the non-existent variable script_
; the quotes in '$i'
make it a literal; and you need a second variable with a count in it to expand to the name you want), so you need something like:
n=1; for i in *; do mv $i script_$n; ((++n)); done
This will work, provided there are no blanks in the file names and provided there are no non-directory files in the current directory. So lastly we arrive at:
n=1; for i in *; do if [ -d "$i" ]; then mv "$i" script_$n; ((++n)); fi; done