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I have to set an environment variable called GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS to fix the problem with Eclipse buttons in Ubuntu. To set the environment variable, I added the following line to ~/.pam_environment.

GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS DEFAULT=true

Surprisingly, the environment variable doesn't get set when I echo $GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS in a terminal. However, all other environment variables that I've listed in ~/.pam_environment are set properly. Besides, when I switch to a tty, e.g. Alt+Ctrl+F1, the environment variable gets set correctly. What's wrong with setting this environment variable in ~/.pam_environment?

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  • 1
    did you restart your X session?
    – Benjamin Bannier
    Apr 12, 2010 at 17:24
  • Yes, I restarted my X session by logging out and in, and even restarting the machine.
    – reprogrammer
    Apr 14, 2010 at 0:41

5 Answers 5

Reset to default
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Stick to the simple "key=value" syntax in the ~/.pam_environment file. No DEFAULT, OVERRIDE, ${HOME}, no nothing. Just key=value. The man page you linked to is for pam_env.conf, only. See "man 8 pam_env" which does not promise anything else "This module can also parse a file with simple KEY=VAL pairs on separate lines.".

By the way putting something like PATH=${PATH}:more/paths in ./pam_environment is a great way to break almost any attempt to login, since the PATH gets set to ${PATH}:more/paths literally (not much to be found there). To rescue, "/bin/mv .pam_environment out_of_the_way" and re-login.

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  • But system software (e.g. Ubuntu MATE and Cinnamon, e.g. 20.04 LTS) changes the content of file ~/.pam_environment with lines such as LC_TIME DEFAULT=en_DK.UTF-8, suggesting it is valid. Are they in error?
    – Peter Mortensen
    Jun 4, 2020 at 19:19
  • @PeterMortensen It is conceivable that my answer from 2013 does not accurately describe the situation in 2020.
    – Marc van Leeuwen
    Jun 4, 2020 at 20:36
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As you have identified, your environment variables should be set in ~/.pam_environment as recommended on https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables. Easier said than done ;)

It is possible that you ran into the same configuration gap that existed for me. See the workaround for encrypted home below.

My ~/.pam_environment:

PATH            DEFAULT=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:${HOME}/bin
IDEA_JDK        DEFAULT=${HOME}/Applications/jdk

Why the ugly static path? ${PATH} would not work for me. I bricked my login several times trying to work around it so I am sticking with the ugly static copy of the defaults :)

Workaround for encrypted home folders

In Ubuntu releases up to and including Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) Beta 2, if you are using an encrypted home directory you will need to modify /etc/pam.d/common-session to get it to load ~/.pam_environment. This solution apparently works for earlier releases, but I have not tested it.

Guenther Montag (g-montag) wrote on 2010-08-19:

This seems to be an issue with encrypted home directories. I added

session required pam_env.so

at the end of /etc/pam.d/common-session and now ~/.pam_environment gets read. On another system without encrypted home directories (also 10.04) the work around is not needed. Perhaps in my case the system tries to read ~/.pam_environment before it is decrypted.

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    My home folder is not encrypted.
    – reprogrammer
    Apr 5, 2012 at 4:26
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You have a space in between GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS and DEFAULT=true . This differs from the example you linked.

Try:

GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS=true

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0

I think that's because when you start a terminal you are not launching a login session. It's a terminal session, and it works with different rules.

I never really got the difference and the need to differentiate, but in any case I suggest you to use ~/.bash_profile and/or ~/.bashrc to achieve the same result, unless you have been suggested to use pam for specific reasons.

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-1

It looks like it's just a bug that my environment variable is not being set.

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    It's not a bug. That's not a valid syntax for ~/.pam_environment. See manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man5/pam_env.conf.5.html
    – Gili
    Jul 13, 2012 at 18:25
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    @Gili My example matches the syntax VARIABLE [DEFAULT=[value]] [OVERRIDE=[value]] at the link you posted. Note that I'm using ${} rather than @{} to refer to HOME and PATH because they are environment variables.
    – reprogrammer
    Jul 14, 2012 at 18:58
  • Not likely a bug, something else probably overrides it later, like your X profile as it works with just a shell. The VARIABLE [DEFAULT=[value]] [OVERRIDE=[value]] syntax is valid for ~/.pam_environment. ${HOME} and ${PATH} are empty at this point because it runs so early, but you can set them here. @{HOME} refers to the home as specified in /etc/passwd. Note that environment variables (and @{HOME} and @{SHELL}) are not expanded in the name=value syntax, you have to use name DEFAULT=value [OVERRIDE=val2] for that.
    – TwoD
    Sep 26, 2018 at 21:20

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