From what I have tried, you can do the following:
Locate your Chrome user preference file.
Windows Vista / 7 / 8 / 8.1:
C:\Users\(your_username)\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Preferences
Mac OSX:
~/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/Default/Preferences
GNU/Linux:
~/.config/google-chrome/Default/Preferences
Exit Chrome and save a backup copy of the file Preferences
somewhere else. Make sure Chrome is not running in background.
Open the Preferences
file in a text editor (e.g. Notepad++, Sublime Text, gedit).
Add this line to the bottom of the file, paying attention to the format. (Just follow the format of the other lines, adding a comma if necessary.)
"webrtc":{"multiple_routes_enabled":false}
If you have doubts, here is a fragment of the last lines of my Preferences
file before the modification:
"spellcheck":{"dictionaries":["en-US"],"dictionary":""},
"translate_ignored_count_for_language":{"es":44,"und":2},
"zerosuggest":{"cachedresults":""}}
And here is the file after the modification:
"spellcheck":{"dictionaries":["en-US"],"dictionary":""},
"translate_ignored_count_for_language":{"es":44,"und":2},
"webrtc":{"multiple_routes_enabled":false},
"zerosuggest":{"cachedresults":""}}
And then you're done. You can verify if this is working by using this website.
Before disabling WebRTC:

After disabling WebRTC:

Note: If you accidentally made a modification that causes an error and Chrome won't start anymore, you can replace the Preferences
file with the backup copy you saved earlier.
At this moment there is no ideal solution to disable WebRTC on desktop with a simple click or without using an extension, in the mobile version of Google Chrome you can go to chrome://flags/
And search for webrtc
there will be some options that you can disable there.
Another solution will be to use Slimjet, this is a Chromium-based project which uses the same Blink engine as Google Chrome but offers an easy option to disable WebRTC.
Hope it helps.