In the Table Properties dialog box, under Text wrapping, click Around, and then set the fields under the Distance from surrounding text. Since it appears that you're most concerned about space between the end of the table and the next text paragraph, you'd set the Bottom value.
If all your tables fill the whole area between the left and right text margins, this will do what you want. If some of your tables are narrower and you don't actually want text to wrap around them, you can set high Left/Right values to prevent this.
All in all, though, in terms of total effort required, it would almost certainly be easier just to create a new paragraph style for the first paragraph after a table; or redefine your usual text paragraph so that it has space above instead of below (or both space above and space below). For other changes to a table, you could create a new table style that you apply to all your tables (or modify an existing style); but the Text wrapping and Distance from surrounding text properties aren't something that can be set for a table style, so you'll have to manually set them for every table individually.