Is there a name given to this specific type of nmap scan:
sudo nmap -sS -T 5 192.168.1.145
Is there a specific term/name?
Manual to the rescue:
-sS (TCP SYN scan) .
SYN scan is the default and most popular scan option for good reasons. [...]
This technique is often referred to as half-open scanning [...]
-T
is not relevant because it doesn't change how the scan works, but just adjusts the timing:
-T paranoid|sneaky|polite|normal|aggressive|insane (Set a timing template) .