SATA can handle up to 4.5A
https://i.stack.imgur.com/pBoXr.jpg
However a 3.5" drive typically uses power from both the +5V rail (for its circuit board) and +12V rail (for its motor) from the PSU (source) while a 2.5" Sata drive only uses power from the +5v for both its motor and circuit board
Let's say I have 4x of a 3.5" Hard disk drive that has this specs for its power:
5v DC: 0.6A
12v DC: 0.45A
So if I connect all 4 (four) of these 3.5" Hard disk drives to the SATA power cable, it will still be able to handle them all?
Because: (0.6*4) + (0.45*4) < 4.5A
Hence: 4.2A < 4.5A
Also, With regards to the above
I am looking at a spreadsheet of Seagate hard disk drives and they have a start up Power of 2A each
https://www.seagate.com/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-7-1706US-en_US.pdf
SO if I connect lets say a 2TB, 3TB and a 4TB Seagate Barracuda - each having a startup power of 2A each for a total of 6A Startup power, then I would exceed the 4.5A limit of the SATA connector. Will that present any issues?
I think this is a similar issue/concept where in if you have a device that has a very high inrush current when you turn it on and that inrush current exceeds your circuit breaker's amperage, it can trip the circuit breaker on your panel - causing your lights to flicker for a split second.