One way to accomplish the same thing; although it is not technically what you are asking for, is to use a virtual audio loopback device such as Synchronous Audio Router. Such software creates new virtual send and receive devices that can be used to take e.g. the default Windows sound device output, set to a virtual device, and send it to an audio processing application. Thus, the plug-in is not in the driver, but you can still get yer fx by sending sound to the default sound device. The problem with VB Audio Cable and Virtual Audio Cable, is they only allow one loopback device with the free version. This method requires two loopback devices.
It works with ASIO drivers for low latency. If your sound-card is not an audiophile device, then it probably doesn't come with an ASIO driver; although I suggest you check anyway. If it does not, use ASIO4ALL, which provides an ASIO driver for almost all audio devices. You will then need a platform that speaks ASIO, and as such, probably uses VST effects. Protools can also probably be used, but is overkill for this application. Reaper is one inexpensive possibility; and it has a non-expiring demo. There are free ones, as well. What is crucial here, is that it can do real-time audio effects, since e.g. not all wave file editors can. You then start the application, create a track, select your loopback device for the input and yer sound-card's ASIO driver for the output, plug in your VST effect (Reaper comes with a nice assortment of simple fx), and enable monitoring on the track (right-click the record enable, or check the help for info on doing this). It sounds involved, but can actually be started pretty quickly. Reaper even reloads the last used project by default; though you will have to enable monitoring each time. Now you set yer system sounds to one loopback device, tell Reaper to use it for input, send its output to another loopback device, and connect the output of the other loopback device to the soundcard.
Edit: I used to recommend to the Virtual Audio Cable, but I've found out that it too is freemium, I've changed it to the freeware and open source Synchronous Audio Router.