I am a IIS - Internet Information Services (Microsoft Windows) user and I would like to migrate to Nginx.
How can I publish multiple web applications in Python using virtual directories (IIS style) and access them via IP and directory name (Ex: http://HOST_IP/APP_DIRECTORY) in Nginx?
The server operating system I use is Ubuntu Server 12.04.1 LTS AMD64.
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The purpose of this topic asked and answered by myself is to establish a short, easy and accurate path for users coming from IIS - Internet Information Services (Microsoft Windows) that want to migrate and/or use Nginx with Python. So I ask everyone to help to reach this goal!
Aspects considered:
http://HOST_IP/APP_DIRECTORY;I know little about Nginx. I emphasize that the goal here is to create web Python applications for testing and development in a simple and easy way, without the presence of a domain (eg www.domain.com) and accessing them via IP and virtual directory.
I do not know if this is the best way to publish applications using virtual directories. Comments on this aspect are very welcome.
HERE IS MY ANSWER!
Install Nginx and uWSGI that will run Python applications;
apt-get install nginx-full uwsgi uwsgi-plugin-python
Create the configuration file for Nginx. This will contain the list of virtual directories that will be available in Nginx (folder "sites-available"):
nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/applications
Content of archive:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name $hostname;
access_log /srv/www/applications/logs/access.log;
error_log /srv/www/applications/logs/error.log;
location /pytest0
{
#uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;
uwsgi_pass unix:///run/uwsgi/app/pytest0/pytest0.socket;
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCHEME $scheme;
uwsgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;
}
location /pytest1
{
#uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;
uwsgi_pass unix:///run/uwsgi/app/pytest1/pytest1.socket;
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCHEME $scheme;
uwsgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;
}
}
Create directory where Nginx will save the logs:
mkdir -p /srv/www/applications/logs
Place the list of applications that you created in the set of enabled applications (folder "applications-enabled"):
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/applications /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/applications
Remove the link to the default virtual host by entering the following command:
rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
Note: With this action is easier to diagnose possible errors, because in case of failure the NGINX returns the error instead of a standard page.
Create the folders for the 1st Python test application:
mkdir -p /srv/www/pytest0/public_html/static
mkdir /srv/www/pytest0/application
Set the 1st test application and makes it available in uWSGI (folder "apps-available"):
mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/
nano /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/pytest0.xml
Content of archive:
<uwsgi>
<plugin>python</plugin>
<socket>/run/uwsgi/app/pytest0/pytest0.socket</socket>
<pythonpath>/srv/www/pytest0/application/</pythonpath>
<app mountpoint="/">
<script>wsgi_configuration_module</script>
</app>
<master/>
<processes>4</processes>
<harakiri>60</harakiri>
<reload-mercy>8</reload-mercy>
<cpu-affinity>1</cpu-affinity>
<stats>/tmp/stats.socket</stats>
<max-requests>2000</max-requests>
<limit-as>512</limit-as>
<reload-on-as>256</reload-on-as>
<reload-on-rss>192</reload-on-rss>
<no-orphans/>
<vacuum/>
</uwsgi>
Place the 1st test application as enabled in uWSGI (folder "apps-enabled"):
ln -s /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/pytest0.xml /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/pytest0.xml
"Create" the 1st test application in uWSGI:
nano /srv/www/pytest0/application/wsgi_configuration_module.py
Content of archive:
import os
import sys
sys.path.append('/srv/www/pytest0/application')
os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/srv/www/pytest0/.python-egg'
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
output = 'Hello pytest0!'
response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
('Content-Length', str(len(output)))]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return [output]
Create the folders for the 2nd Python test application:
mkdir -p /srv/www/pytest1/public_html/static
mkdir /srv/www/pytest1/application
Set the 2nd test application and makes it available in uWSGI (folder "apps-available"):
nano /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/pytest1.xml
Content of archive:
<uwsgi>
<plugin>python</plugin>
<socket>/run/uwsgi/app/pytest1/pytest1.socket</socket>
<pythonpath>/srv/www/pytest1/application/</pythonpath>
<app mountpoint="/">
<script>wsgi_configuration_module</script>
</app>
<master/>
<processes>4</processes>
<harakiri>60</harakiri>
<reload-mercy>8</reload-mercy>
<cpu-affinity>1</cpu-affinity>
<stats>/tmp/stats.socket</stats>
<max-requests>2000</max-requests>
<limit-as>512</limit-as>
<reload-on-as>256</reload-on-as>
<reload-on-rss>192</reload-on-rss>
<no-orphans/>
<vacuum/>
</uwsgi>
Place the 2nd test application as enabled in uWSGI (folder "apps-enabled"):
ln -s /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/pytest1.xml /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/pytest1.xml
"Create" the 2nd test application in uWSGI:
nano /srv/www/pytest1/application/wsgi_configuration_module.py
Content of archive:
import os
import sys
sys.path.append('/srv/www/pytest1/application')
os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/srv/www/pytest1/.python-egg'
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
output = 'Hello pytest1!'
response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
('Content-Length', str(len(output)))]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return [output]
Restart the services:
service uwsgi restart
service nginx restart
PLEASE COMMENT!
https://library.linode.com/web-servers/nginx/python-uwsgi/ubuntu-12.04-precise-pangolin