I knew of a professional service that required the end user to define their carrier, and then they converted it to the built-in email address (EX: Verizon is <10-digit phone number>@vtext.com)
I found a (non-confirmed) list of many of the carriers here:
ATT - [10-digit phone number] @ txt.att.net
Sprint - [10-digit phone number] @ messaging.sprintpcs.com
T-Mobile - [10-digit phone number] @ tmomail.net
US Cellular - [10-digit phone number] @ email.uscc.net
Verizon - [10-digit phone number] @ vtext.com
How do you send a text message from the computer?
Wikipedia