I guess there's some problem with your EFI partition. You have either formatted it to NTFS by accident or Windows installer doesn't detect it correctly.
First you should have some notion of what partitions are. My answer to another question contains some explaination of that concept. I recommend you to read through it (you can skip "The Reserved Partition" and "The Big Question").
I'm assuming your laptop is relatively new (4 years or newer), so it probably has UEFI support and it has legacy boot disabled by default. Thus, it must also have EFI partition (see my link), but something bad happened to it and it's now NTFS-formatted, while it should be FAT32 or Windows installer doesn't detect it correctly.
In this case I'd set up a new partition table, thus removing all partitions. Windows installer should be able to recreate required partitions. This operation will delete all your data. This can be done with GParted which is part of many LiveCD Linux distros (ones that run off a CD/DVD, no need to install them), there's also dedicated GParted LiveCD which can be booted from USB. When you have GParted up and running, choose your disk from the top right combo box and click Device → New Partition Table. A new window will appear:
Choose gpt
partition table type and click Apply. At this point your HDD will be wiped completely. Creating new partition table is effective immediately. Then you'll want to reboot into Windows installer and this time everything should go smoothly.
If you don't want to have your disk wiped then you can try booting GParted and deleting all partitions except for ones that contain files you want to preserve, especially small partition at the beginning of your drive which probably is the EFI partition. I think Windows installer will recreate it, but I haven't tried myself - if it won't work out of the box, you'll have to recreate EFI partition manually in GParted, including setting appropriate flags. I'm lazy, so I'd probably just backup my files to external drive, disconnect it and wipe internal HDD.
There's also a small chance your Windows 8 flash drive is malfunctioning. You can try to install from another flash drive. You have probably put Windows on that drive using Windows 7 USB/DVD Download Tool or Rufus, trying the other one won't hurt too.