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Background: In the middle of my work, license agreement for installing "Microsoft Mouse and Keyboard Center" suddenly appeared. I'd like to understand what process launched the setup, but using Process Explorer, I saw it's gone, I was only able to find its PID (see screenshot).

Question:

If you are using Process Explorer, you perhaps know the situation where parent process of the process no longer exists and you can only see its PID:

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Are there some Windows logs containing association of PID to running process so I can find out what process was running under given PID?

Preferably I'm interested in scenarios, where I wasn't expecting this so I did not use Process Monitor to capture events in the system.

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Are there some Windows logs containing association of PID to running process

By default there are no such logs. However you can enable Process Tracking Events in the Windows Security Event Log.

Notes:

How to Use Process Tracking Events in the Windows Security Log

In Windows 2003/XP you get these events by simply enabling the Process Tracking audit policy.

In Windows 7/2008+ you need to enable the Audit Process Creation and, optionally, the Audit Process Termination subcategories which you’ll find under Advanced Audit Policy Configuration in group policy objects.

These events are incredibly valuable because they give a comprehensive audit trail of every time any executable on the system is started as a process. You can even determine how long the process ran by linking the process creation event to the process termination event using the Process ID found in both events. Examples of both events are shown below.

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Source How to Use Process Tracking Events in the Windows Security Log

How to enable Audit Process Creation

  1. Run gpedit.msc

  2. Select "Windows Settings" > "Security Settings" > "Local Policies" > "Audit Policy"

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  3. Right click "Audit process tracking" and select "Properties"

  4. Check "Success" and click "OK"

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What is Audit Process Tracking

This security setting determines whether the OS audits process-related events such as process creation, process termination, handle duplication, and indirect object access.

If this policy setting is defined, the administrator can specify whether to audit only successes, only failures, both successes and failures, or to not audit these events at all (i.e. neither successes nor failures).

If Success auditing is enabled, an audit entry is generated each time the OS performs one of these process-related activities.

If Failure auditing is enabled, an audit entry is generated each time the OS fails to perform one of these activities.

Default: No auditing

Important: For more control over auditing policies, use the settings in the Advanced Audit Policy Configuration node. For more information about Advanced Audit Policy Configuration, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=140969.

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  • Dave, maybe you could use "fastest gun on the west" approach. While you were writing your long and elaborate answer, I performed steps in the other answer (the same as you added later) and was about to accept it. So now I have a dilemma which answer to accept... :) – miroxlav Aug 29 '15 at 20:49
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    I would rather have the best answer than the first answer ;) If they are the same thing then it is a bonus. I did inform you (in a now cleaned up comment) that I was preparing my answer. And I'm using a slow tethered internet connection through my mobile :/ – DavidPostill♦ Aug 29 '15 at 20:52
  • Oh yeah, you did. OTOH, perhaps don't be shy to write "you can enable audit logging in local policies", post and continue creating answer with educational value. Sometimes even small clue could better help me (the OP) than waiting 60 minutes for great answer :) I mean, I know where local policies are, I just needed a minor clue. – miroxlav Aug 29 '15 at 20:57
  • @DavidPostill: Would be nice if you could mention how often these logs are cleaned (or how often they should be cleaned manually), because I imagine they can get pretty long... – user541686 Aug 30 '15 at 4:19
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    @Mehrdad The event logs can, if necessary, be deleted from the command line using wevtutil. That is easier than using the Event Viewer GUI. – DavidPostill♦ Aug 30 '15 at 6:53
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The only way to see is you must have the audit enabled to track the creation of processes.

From the "Local Security Policy" program (Type secpol.msc from the run screen if you are having trouble finding it) go to "Security Settings -> Local Polices -> Audit Policy" then enable the "Audit process tracking" for "Success".

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Once you do that go to the event viewer and check the "Secruity" event log, in there you will see "Audit Success" entries for every time a process is started or ended.

A process has exited.

Subject:
    Security ID:        SYSTEM
    Account Name:       SCOTT-PC$
    Account Domain:     WORKGROUP
    Logon ID:       0x3E7

Process Information:
    Process ID: 0x1338
    Process Name:   C:\Windows\System32\consent.exe
    Exit Status:    0x0

You will need to convert the Process ID you are looking for from decimal into hex (3336 becomes 0xD08). The easiest way to convert is open windows calculator, go to "Programmer" mode, enter the number in "dec" mode, then click on "hex" mode. The number displayed will be converted to hex for you.

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  • Yeah, this is the kind of answer I expected. Simply said: enable some logging and thus become able to check its results. – miroxlav Aug 29 '15 at 20:44
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If this is one time thing and you don't want to be always logging your processes, I would suggest using Microsoft Process Monitor (https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/Library/bb896645.aspx). It needs to be ran before the popular is spawned, but even after the parent process is dead it will have captured all the information you were looking for.

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