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A common Unix program whose primary purpose is the low-level copying and conversion of raw data.

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How to format `dd` speed units?

dd scales its reported speed (e.g. MB/s or kB/s), but I would like to enforce that it always use the same unit, e.g. B/s. How can I enforce that dd always prints the same units? Example usage: $ dd ...
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Why does disk read/write seem to half when running 2 dd processes on 4 different disks?

I'm trying to clone 2 external firewire disks on my debian fileserver using ddrescue. I'm running 2 processes in 2 terminals like so: sudo ddrescue -d -r3 /dev/sdx'/mnt/disk1/image1.img' '/mnt/disk1/...
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I accidentally made my laptop unbootable using dd [duplicate]

The story so far... I was experimenting with Unix's dd program on my Ubuntu laptop, trying to find a quick method to wipe a micro SD card securely. I set dd in motion, came back a few minutes later, ...
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Using Linux and dd to clone a FAT32 Windows partition to another, larger disk

PROBLEM: I currently have a 4GB disk with a single primary FAT32 partition that has Windows 98SE installed. The disk is almost full and I want to move the partition over to a larger 8GB disk. ...
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Copied (with dd) a formatted sda1 to external HD - data recovery on external HD

I was formatting an SD-Card with Disks over and over again and I got a little thoughtless and and the index tab jumped onto the sda1 partition of my internal hard drive and I accidentally formatted it ...
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38 views

Copy partitions to emmc with correct offsets

I'm trying to populate an emmc in order to boot a custom Linux o.s. on an STM32MP1-based board. Here there is the schema of the partitions: TF-A copied in the two boot area partitions of e•MMC (...
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Prevent filesystem caching on tmpfs

Suppose that I want to put a big file (or a bunch of files) into a TMPFS, for whatever reason. Using dd with various combinations of direct and nocache flags, whether I copy a file from disk or create ...
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18 views

Deleting Files and directories on a Solid State Drive (fdisk, dd, rm)

I have been reading for a while on how rm, fdisk and dd work. I wasn't able to fully understand their source code however. Let's assume I would like to delete my /dev/nvme0n1p3 partition and the files ...
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17 views

doing 'dd' full copy of one backup hard drive to the other

I am in need of doing recover process with TestDisk software of an external hard drive. I bought 2nd one with same (1,86 TB // 2 TB) size Now i will copy old drive to the new one, and will try to ...
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59 views

What is limiting the LTO Tape write speed? How can I observe the ideal listed speeds?

I am testing out a new Quantum Ultrium 8 Tape and Drive. I see the listed maximum uncompressed and compressed data rate, respectively, are 360 MB/s and 900 MB/s. How can I observe/demonstrate this ...
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624 views

Debian: creating Windows 10 bootable install USB-drive using terminal (dd)

My goal is so simple, the title says it all, but every way I've tried, I've failed. I've read instructions on various sites (besides here) and they all seem to be missing something... this is what I ...
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1answer
79 views

How to convert dd partition image to virtualbox virtual disk?

I created a backup from /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda4 partitions using dd. but i did not create a backup from /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3. How can I convert these 2 backup files from /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda4 ...
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404 views

Remove empty space from image backup of a drive

I used dd on a drive of mine that I am building my Linux distribution on. I have an issue, how do I prep that iso (of a 256GB drive (so I have a 256GB ISO image file)) to be of a smaller size (get rid ...
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183 views

Bought a 256 GB micro SD Card for only $28 on Aliexpress, my tests show its not fake, how can I be completely sure?

I bought a 256 GB SD Card from AliExpress for around $28 and at first assumed it was junk but the reviews seemed to be good. I used f3write and f3read to verify it does contain 256GB, and showed an ...
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VM: how to `dd` to external device

I've just changed my development machine from Windows to Ubuntu. Most of my work is done using virtual machines (VirtualBox) with Linux guests. Usually I also need to dd a raw image to a microsd card....
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Clone two SATA SSDs to a bigger M.2 SSD

This is my setup: I have one SATA SSD containing a luks encrypted Linux installation (/dev/sda) and another SATA SSD containing a bitlocker encrypted Windows installation (/dev/sdb). The partition /...
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Create smallest possible FreeBSD drive image

greetings from Rotterdam in the Netherlands. I have a challenge. I need to distribute drive images for installation on typical hardware. The development box has a 120Gb SSD. Installed is FreeBSD 11.2-...
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93 views

Why is my USB device not being registered after zeroing with dd?

I recently got a Sandisk Cruzer USB to install a new operating system on my Kubuntu Linux computer. Fearing that the drive had malware on it, I wrote zeroes to the drive: dd bs=1G if=/dev/zero of=/...
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151 views

How does dd know about correct disk label when burning iso to usb?

I used dd to burn arch linux image to usb stick, but now I need to store additional files on the same usb stick. The usb stick is read-only after dd so I decided to format it manually. The stick was ...
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23 views

Using dd Through an Intermediate Drive?

I'm interested in cloning one of my Windows drives to a new 2.5 inch SSD, but it's they're both 2.5 inch drives and I only have one SATA to USB connector. Both are 500GB. I have a 1TB usb hard ...
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138 views

Opening DD image in 7zip

For some time, i have used DD images at work to quickly transfer a linux image to a new harddrive in case the old one broke. It works great, no complains. But, i needed to get a file from the image a ...
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520 views

Why does dd give me an error at the end of zero-writing a disk?

I'm running Cygwin on Windows 7. I was using the following dd command to securely erase a 1TB mechanical disk: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sde bs=4M status=progress About 2 and a half hours into the ...
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0xc0000225 error after cloning windows 7 from one disk to another using dd

We have two hard disks. One is 80GB, most likely damaged/corrupt/failing. The second is 320GB. In the 80GB disk, we have Windows 7 enterprise installed. Since we would like to keep our application ...
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146 views

If plugged simultaneously, two cloned external drives not recognised (iMac Sierra)

I cloned a USB disk with encrypted partitions into another, identical one (same size, same model...). I changed the name of one of the partitions in finder for one of the disks, to be able to tell ...
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280 views

Creating ISO with dd on macOS: Operation not supported

sudo dd if=/path/to/img.iso of=/dev/rdisk2 returns dd: /dev/rdisk2: Operation not supported The disk was formatted ExFAT on macOS. #: TYPE NAME IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_part ...
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Ctrl + C in dd broke 2 usbs

So I was using dd to write a Windows ISO to my USB stick, and when I switched to tty 2 and back the status seemed stuck. I quickly pressed ctrl + c to start over but now the usb stick doesn’t show up ...
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44 views

How copy a newly created 'image-file' of a bootable OS (created thru 'dd') back to a bootable OS, using the 'dd' command?

I want to go from 'image-file' to 'bootable OS' using the dd command. I had a bootable OS and copied it, via dd, creating an 'image-file'. Now I want to re-create the bootable OS. I tried using: "...
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368 views

Is it possible to undo a DD command

I am a newbie and was trying to move an image of win 7 onto a partition of a larger hardrive using clonezilla. When I tried this the program told me that the new partition was mismatched gpt and mbr ...
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47 views

DD to local QNAP

ORIGINAL Q: Trying to backup a full drive via DD to a QNAP, but it's not as simple as a DD from regular drive to regular drive. How do I DD to a QNAP? The QNAP is local. UPDATE 1: Enabled SSH but ...
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53 views

Unable to boot ubuntu in virtual box after “dd” command usage

I was trying to copy a cross-compile of uboot .img to the sdcard file attached in the ubuntu(running on virtual-box under windows 10 host) but ended leaving the working ubuntu into some undefined ...
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46 views

Cloning an SD card with multiple partitions into a single image

I have SD cards from Linux vendors that I need to copy to an image and then duplicate it to multiple cards. This is what the card has for partitions: sd card I am trying: sudo dd if=/dev/rdisk2 of=~/...
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dd failing to corrupt an xfs mounted in memory

I am trying to corrupt an xfs file system and then run xfs_repair on it. But I am having trouble with the corruption. I tried corrupting by doing this: root@node-1:/# perl -E "print '*' x 1000000000"...
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163 views

Is it ok to fully clone into SSD (NVMe)?

I've read somewhere that a good rule of thumb is to keep your partitions/solid drives 50% full to have prolonged life. Now, I just bought an NVMe and I'm cloning my main drive in there (is going to ...
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22 views

Finding out specific disk/SSD/M.2 capacity and structure

I am trying to dd from one disk (SSD 1TiB) to a new M.2 of same size (allegedly 1TiB). The source SSD contains 3 partitions, UEFI, / OS (Ubuntu 18.04.x latest) and /home, hence I don't want to create ...
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Is it possible to create a bootable Windows drive with dd on WSL?

The title pretty much sums it up. I would like to copy my current Windows HDD to a blank SSD over SATA using the dd command in WSL. It's 2019, and I don't want to boot from an HDD anymore. Would this ...
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349 views

how can I take images of NTFS partitions made with dd on one sized drive, and write them to another drive of a different size?

I ran ubuntu off a usb stick to make images of partitions of a hard drive, I used GNU ddrescue, which is effectively like dd. The source drive (the drive I made images from), was 160GB. how can I ...
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141 views

File redirection vs dd

Suppose I want to pipe the output of some command into a file. Is there any difference, however small or nuanced, between simply...well, piping it to a file like some-command > file and piping it ...
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117 views

Can I clone a hard drive containing an operating system using dd with any block size?

Is it safe to clone a hard drive to an image file in a bigger hard drive using dd and an arbitrary big block size for better speed? is the resulting image the same when using different bs? How about ...
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60 views

How to make bootable flash from ISO with DD?

I have downloaded ALT Linux rescue ISO and wrote it to my flash stick with sudo dd if=regular-rescue-latest-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sda1 Unfortunately, it doesn't boot on my old computer. I tried USB-HDD,...
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81 views

Does an SD card have an internal controller

I'm still confused as to how a host computer (Windows or Linux) communicates with an SD card. When we completely reformat and clear an SD card (for example using the Linux dd utility), does this ...
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77 views

Is there any argument against using dd with bs=10G?

Suppose I have a drive that has a bad superblock (or block) in some random location. It's an enormous drive, 1-8 TB. It won't format to ext3, so I'm writing it full of zeroes so that I can properly ...
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1k views

Backing up a Windows system using DD from NVME 512 GB to SSD 500 GB

I used to have two identical 500 GB SSD drives: one inside a laptop, one outside. I would make regular backups using dd from the internal HDD to the external one, as their capacity matched. I now ...
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159 views

Maxiumum recovery of data from old floppy discs with padded bad sectors and multiple passes

I've a collection of old 3.5" floppy disks that I'm looking to recover as much data as possible from. The issue is due to the structure of some of the files, I need the length of all the files to be ...
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92 views

getting reads when writing to raw device

I need to move big chunk of data to a logical volume without any file system on it. While doing so, I noticed that on every write there is a read. This is something that I don't see for writes into ...
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24 views

Ubuntu 16.4 Filename Corruption after Backing up with dd

I have downloaded the boot partition from a server I needed a local copy of using dd and SSH. I can boot up the partition using a virtual machine, however, I have noticed some file names are ...
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39 views

Data recovery on physically damaged key

I am currently in possesion of a physically damager USB key: when any software try to read clusters from 3,981,812 to 3,981,817, the USB drive crash and I have to unplug, and plug again the key to be ...
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30 views

Is it possible to successfully clone (with dd) a Linux OS disk between different sized/models SSDs?

I have a CentOS installed on quite an old SSD. The SSD indicates hardware problems in the syslog. I suspect that the answer to the following is no, especially due to superblocks and boot-sectors ...
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88 views

Low bitrate when writing from /dev/urandom to /dev/null

now for something completely different. I've got a Mac server and I got to continuously dd-write from /dev/urandom to /dev/null, efficiently. And now the data transfer speed is only about 11Mb/s. This ...
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42 views

What does foremost do that is different from mount?

I was doing a challenge on picoCTF which involved getting a flag from a .dd file. The .dd file initially appears to be a FAT partition that contains some jpg files. My idea was to mount the file ...
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37 views

VM, CentOS7, dd, disk errors

Testing a potential disaster recovery model. Use VMWare to get an OVF of a server at its base configuration. This will give us the base VM configuration (cpus, mem, disks, OS, etc). Stamp out VMs as ...

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